基于 Keystone 变换的俯冲加速运动 SAR 成像算法

俯冲加速条件下的SAR成像算法是当前SAR成像领域中一个热门研究课题。受到加速度的影响,其距离方程不再是单纯的双曲线形式,从而导致无法根据驻定相位原理求得俯冲加速SAR回波的二维频谱解析表达式。因此,传统SAR频域成像算法不再适用于俯冲加速SAR成像。论文从SAR距离徙动特性着手,利用Keystone变换实现对俯冲加速SAR的线性徙动校正,从而实现距离向和方位向的二维解耦合,得到最终的SAR聚焦图像。     

Experiments on the survival of six brackish macro-invertebrates from the Baltic Sea after dredged spoil coverage and its implications for the field

Physical disturbance by disposal of dredged materials in estuarine and coastal waters may result in burial of benthic fauna. Survival rates depend on a variety of factors including the type and amount of disposed materials and the lifestyle of the organisms. Laboratory burial experiments using six common macrobenthic invertebrates from a brackish habitat of the western Baltic Sea were performed to test the organisms' escape reaction to dredged material disposal. Experimental lab-results were then extrapolated to a field situation with corresponding bottom topography and covering layer thicknesses at experimental field disposal study sites. Resulted survival rates were then verified by comparison with results of an earlier field study at the same disposal sites.Our experimental design in the lab included the disposal of two types of dredged material (i.e. ‘till’ and ‘sand/till mixture’) and two covering layer depths (i.e. 10–20 cm and 14–40 cm). All three bivalves Arctica islandica (Linnaeus), Macoma balthica (Linnaeus), Mya arenaria (Linnaeus) and the polychaete Nephtys hombergii (Savigny) successfully burrowed to the surface of a 32–41 cm deposited sediment layer of till or sand/till mixture and restored contact with the overlying water. These high escape potentials could partly be explained by the heterogeneous texture of the till and sand/till mixture with ‘voids’. The polychaete Bylgides (Harmothoe) sarsi (Malmgren) successfully burrowed through a 16 cm covering layer whereas the polychaete Lagis koreni (Malmgren) showed almost no escaping reaction. No general differences in escape behaviour after burial were detected between our test species from the brackish habitat and those reported in the literature for the same species in marine environments. However, a size-dependence in mobility of motile polychaetes and M. arenaria was apparent within our study. In comparison to a thick coverage, thin covering layers (i.e. 15–16 cm and 20 cm) increased the chance of the organisms (N. hombergii and M. arenaria) to reach the sediment surface after burial. This was not observed for the other test species. While crawling upward to the new sediment surfaces burrowing velocities of up to 8 cm d^− 1 were observed for the bivalves and up to 20 cm d^− 1 for N. hombergii. Between 17 and 79% of the test organisms showed burrowing activity after experimental burial. The survival rate (defined as the ability to regained contact with the sediment surface) ranged from 0 to 33%, depending on species and on burial depth. The organisms reached the sediment surface by burrowing (polychaetes and bivalves) and/or by extending their siphons to the new sediment surface (bivalves). The extrapolation of laboratory survival rates to the two disposal sites was obtained based on the in situ thicknesses of the dredged spoil layers measured by multi-beam echo sounder. This resulted in total average survival rate estimates for the test species of 45 and 43% for the two disposal sites. The results obtained during the laboratory tests and the following extrapolation to the field were verified by the range of results from a previous field study, using grab sampling shortly before and after a disposal event in June 2001. The effect of dredged material disposal on the tested Baltic Sea benthic macrofauna was assessed by extrapolating the verified laboratory results to the field.     

探地雷达钢筋正演模拟及偏移成像研究

探地雷达（ground penetrating radar，GPR）在工程检测领域应用广泛，特别是应用于隧道衬砌结构检测。利用时域有限差分方法（finite difference time domain，FDTD）和完全匹配层（perfect match layer，PML）吸收边界条件，采用900 MHz天线，模拟了不同间距、不同深度、不同对应位置的单、双层钢筋混凝土结构，并运用频率-波速域（F-K）波动方程偏移技术分别进行了成像处理。研究表明： 1）有效探测范围内钢筋间距、埋深越大时，干扰信号越少，钢筋的反映越明显； 2）F-K偏移可较好地分辨出单层（上层）钢筋，斜对双层钢筋的分辨率比正对高。     

电化学脱盐处理现场试验研究

主要介绍钢筋混凝土电化学脱盐防腐蚀新技术的工程试验情况,结果表明只要采用适合的工艺,电化学脱盐处理可有效地脱除混凝土内的有害Cl-,是电化学脱盐防腐蚀新技术工程应用的有益尝试。     

钠-氯化镍电池应用于潜艇动力系统的可行性分析

在总结钠-氯化镍电池主要特性的基础上,结合艇用动力电池特殊需求,从适用性、安全性和经济性三方面开展钠-氯化镍电池应用于潜艇动力系统的可行性分析与论证,分析与论证表明钠-氯化镍作为潜艇动力电池完全可行,并具有极好的应用前景。     

一种新型防水剂的性能研究

该新型防水剂产品能从根本上解决混凝土中毛细孔吸水问题,防止混凝土结构被氯离子渗透,从而防止钢筋锈蚀。对该防水剂的性能进行测试研究,综合测试其对砂浆和混凝土相关性能的影响;率先采用英国标准评价混凝土吸水率;并比对该新型防水剂与某国外同类成熟产品的相关性能。该防水剂对混凝土和砂浆的7 d和28 d抗压强度均有良好的增益效果,在不改变工作性能的情况下,能有效改善混凝土和砂浆的抗渗能力。     

恒定荷载对海工高性能混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响

通常混凝土构件均处于受力状态,而对自由状态的混凝土试件开展耐久性研究很难真实地反映出混凝土构件的耐久性状况。本研究采用施加恒定压荷载和弯曲荷载的方式,研究荷载对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响。结果表明:混凝土试件纯受弯段的氯离子浓度随弯曲应力水平的提高而增大,且混凝土内的氯离子渗透深度随应力水平的增加而增大。试件距暴露面相同深度处的氯离子浓度随着压应力水平的提高先减少后增大。混凝土试件的氯离子扩散系数随压应力水平提高而先减少后增大,压应力水平较低时可提高混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能。对于典型的海洋工程高性能混凝土配合比,混凝土试件的弯曲应力与其恒定荷载影响因子之间呈近似指数函数关系,在混凝土结构耐久性设计中应考虑弯曲荷载对氯离子扩散系数的影响。     

求解约束优化问题的动态目标迁移差分进化算法

针对约束优化问题的特点,给出一种改进差分进化算法.将差分进化算法做了适当修正,在初始化中加入迁移操作,依据违反约束度函数和原目标函数进行选择操作,当个体的违反约束度在容忍度以外时,通过违反约束度函数更新个体,当个体的违反约束度在容忍度以内时,通过原目标函数更新个体,实验研究结果表明该算法能有效求解约束优化问题.     

JAK激酶抑制剂AG490阻滞乳腺癌MCF-7的侵袭和迁移

目的 探讨JAK/STAT3和MAPK/ERK1/2两条信号通路的交联作用及其对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞侵袭迁移的影响机制.方法 在乳腺癌MCF-7中,分JAK酶抑制剂AG490未处理组和处理组,Western blot检测磷酸化和非磷酸化STAT3和ERK 1/2蛋白的变化,RT-PCR检测STAT3、ERK1/2 mRNA的变化,明胶酶谱法检测MCF-7分泌MMP-2、MMP-9的变化,同时应用Transwell小室对细胞侵袭迁移能力进行研究.结果 AG490处理MCF-7细胞后,磷酸化和非磷酸化STAT3和ERK1/2蛋白均减少,STAT3、ERK1/2 mRNA转录水平也下降,同时也观察到了AG490能使MCF-7分泌MMP-2和MMP-9减少,从而显著降低了MCF-7细胞的侵袭迁移能力.结论 AG490可阻断JAK/STAT3和MAPK/ERK1/2两条信号通路,抑制MCF-7细胞分泌MMP-2和MMP-9,从而抑制了其侵袭迁移.     

季节冻土区高速公路路基含水状况与冻害调查

冻胀形成的纵向裂缝和道路翻浆导致的沉陷鼓包及车辙变形是季节冻土区高速公路路基冻害的主要形式。野外调查的大量资料表明,地下水是导致路基冻害的最积极活跃的因素。它不仅侵袭软化路基,增加其冻胀,而且侵袭防冻砂砾层甚至底基层,使其失去防冻作用和辅助承载作用,致使道路翻浆破坏。这种水分来源不一定都是地下水由下向上的竖向迁移,地面水也可通过路肩边坡、失效排水沟、路面裂缝和中央分隔带等部位侵袭到路基中来,从而使路基土和结构层材料性能恶化。